Prune unused parameters.
Implement "method matching". Similar to trait matching, but with the twist that we
have to take the transformed self type into account, and allow for coercion between
the receiver and the actual type declared on the impl.
Permit DST types to unify like other types.

Also:
1. stop eagerly coercing from `[T, ..n]` to `[T]` only do so if requested.
2. permit error to be interact more freely.

Fixes #17178.
Generalize the replace-late-bound-regions function to operate
over anything that is foldable, not just fn signatures.
Change method lookup infrastructure to use the trait methods. Instead
of tracking individual candidates per impl, we just track one
candidate for the extension trait itself, and let the trait resolution
handle walking the individual impls and so forth. Also change the
interface to report back a richer notion of error.
Correct case where the old version of method lookup was incorrectly matching,
as far as I can tell.
The new method lookup mechanism typechecks calls against the method type declared in the trait, not in the impl. In some cases that results in tighter rules, and in some cases looser. Correct for that.
Test where the old infrastructure failed to detect the (applicable) impl of `FnMut` for
some reason.
Various minor cases where errors are reported in slightly different ways.
Tests for method resolution in the face of various ambiguities or non-ambiguities. These
are mostly new tests though I also revamped (and renamed) some of the existing tests.
Coherence tests that seemed to be missing.
Address nits by @pcwalton
auto merge of #18121 : nikomatsakis/rust/method-call-use-trait-matching-infrastructure-2, r=pcwalton

Convert trait method dispatch to use new trait matching machinery.

This fixes about 90% of #17918. What remains to be done is to make inherent dispatch work with conditional dispatch as well. I plan to do this in a future patch by generalizing the "method match" code slightly to work for inherent impls as well (the basic algorithm is precisely the same).

Fixes #17178.

This is a [breaking-change] for two reasons:

1. The old code was a bit broken. I found various minor cases, particularly around operators, where the old code incorrectly matched, but an extra `*` or other change is now required. (See commit e8cef25 ("Correct case where the old version of method lookup...") for examples.)
2. The old code didn't type check calls against the method signature from the *trait* but rather the *impl*. The two can be different in subtle ways. This makes the new method dispatch both more liberal and more conservative than the original. (See commit 8308332 ("The new method lookup mechanism typechecks...") for examples.)

r? @pcwalton since he's been reviewing most of this series of changes
f? @nick29581 for commit 39df55f ("Permit DST types to unify like other types")
cc @aturon as this relates to library stabilization