(PUP-2511) Add parser function digest: uses digest_algorithm to hash, not strictly md5

Puppet has an md5 parser function, which returns the MD5 digest of its
argument. On hosts configured for compliance with U.S. Federal
Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-2, attempts to use the MD5
algorithm cause errors, because MD5 is no longer FIPS Approved. This
patch adds a parser function called digest, which returns the digest
of its argument using the algorithm named by the digest_algorithm
setting in puppet.conf. Therefore, where md5 may fail on some hosts,
the digest function should always return a value; but the value may
vary if the digest_algorithm setting is changed.
(PUP-2271) Allow yumrepo proxy attribute to be set to _none_

Add fix and test to allow proxy to be set to _none_ to bypass global proxy
configuration for YUM.

See https://tickets.puppetlabs.com/browse/PUP-2271
Merge pull request #2767 from tayzlor/fix/master/PUP-2271

(PUP-2271) Allow yumrepo proxy attribute to be set to _none_
(PUP-2787) Rename Object Type to Any

This renames the top most type in the type system to Any from
the name Object. This is done because the word Object carries
connotations of "Object Oriented Programming" that simply adds confusion
about how puppet works.

This commit is basically a rename refactoring.
Merge pull request #2624 from jaredjennings/feature/master/pup-2511-digest-parser-function

(PUP-2511) Add parser function digest: uses digest_algorithm to hash, not strictly md5
Merge pull request #2780 from hlindberg/PUP-2787_rename-Object-Any

(PUP-2787) Rename Object Type to Any