Allow logical decoding via the walsender interface.

In order for this to work, walsenders need the optional ability to
connect to a database, so the "replication" keyword now allows true
or false, for backward-compatibility, and the new value "database"
(which causes the "dbname" parameter to be respected).

walsender needs to loop not only when idle but also when sending
decoded data to the user and when waiting for more xlog data to decode.
This means that there are now three separate loops inside walsender.c;
although some refactoring has been done here, this is still a bit ugly.

Andres Freund, with contributions from Álvaro Herrera, and further
review by me.
Allow dynamic shared memory segments to be kept until shutdown.

Amit Kapila, reviewed by Kyotaro Horiguchi, with some further
changes by me.