Improve color package and add colormaps

* [x] implement `get_color_dict()`
* [x] `LinearGradient` to have a default `x` argument (linearly spaced with `np.arange()`)
* [x] `get_colormaps()` to return the list of color maps
* [x] implement `ColorArray._repr_html_()` to display a color array in the IPython notebook
* [x] implement `nearest` interpolation in NumPy and GLSL
* [x] refactor in different files
* [x] add an example notebook with many colormap examples

![image](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/1942359/5209124/2bac3536-75bb-11e4-92c3-fbcb0354d810.png)

Close #413. Closes #414. Closes #646. To be continued in #648.
Probably doesn't belong in this class--other map functions may accept different input types.
Also, what is the motivation for having both `map()` and `__getitem__`? It seems like we could do without this method entirely and do the same type checking in `map()`.