fix(index): remove invalid path references

A few invalid paths which were referenced in index.html were removed.
These paths became invalid due to commit daf71f27ba1ae0801f0f3235eaa87598f0912a59
which moved where the bower_components directory is placed.

Closes #184
fix(index-async): correct the path to bower_components
docs(README): fix typos

Closes #190
chore(travis): node js version should between quotes

node js version should between quotation marks based on
http://docs.travis-ci.com/user/languages/javascript-with-nodejs/

Closes #213
refact(*): refactor app layout to conform to best practices
refact(*): update overall application architecture to match best practices
refact(*): further architectural improvements
chore(package.json): update to protractor 1.1.1
docs(README): fix link to Jasmine

Closes #209
docs(README): fix grammar and ambiguous sentence

Closes #223
docs(scenarios): fix link to protractor docs

Closes #206
chore(package.json): remove local HTTP server's cache-control header

Disable the local HTTP server's cache-control header, to fix the problem
where the browser wouldn't reload templateUrl-based directive templates.

Fixes #193
Closes #194
chore(package.json): fix path to angular-load.min.js.map in "update-index-async" command

This fixes the 404 not found when it tries to retrieve this map file and can't because
the path is wrong.

Note that you won't see that error if you have JavaScript source maps turned off.

Closes #197
docs(README): fix typo

Closes #229
refact(index.html): remove self closing slash for link tag.

You don't need it when doctype is HTML5 and also the others above already
don't have one.

Closes #232
docs(README): add alternative git clone method

Closes #239