Enable consistent builds by sharing common properties and targets

This is the first step to fix https://github.com/dotnet/buildtools/issues/18. Currently depending on how you build you get different build behaviors and binaries dropped into different locations. This change adds a dir.props and dir.targets at the top and bottom of every csproj file so they get a consistent set of properties and targets.

This change also cleans up build.proj a little to share some of the common properties and adds a way for projects to detect if the build tools are present or potentially outdated. 
I mainly put this there to help people who try to build from the command line but not from the root. I don't fully understand how VS handles package restores yet, but I want to understand that more so I will try to dig in deeper on that.