Code style clean-up

This piece of code needs some love.

No functional change.
Merge pull request #82 from official-stockfish/clean_up_bishop_code

Code style clean-up

No functional change.
Prefer operator<<() to pretty()

It is more idiomatic, we didn't used it
in the past because Position::pretty(Move)
had a calling argument, but now we can.

As an added benefit, we avoid a lot of string
copies in the process because now we avoid
std::ostringstream ss.

No functional change.
Remove dead code

No functional change.

Closes #87
Consistent use of anonymous namespace

Objects that are only accessible at file-scope should be put in the anonymous namespace.
This is what the  C++ standard recommends, rather than using static, which is really C-style and results in static linkage.

Stockfish already does this throughout the code. So let's weed out the few exceptions,
because... they have no reason to be exceptional.

No functional change.

Resolves #84
Correctly describe POPCNT compile

SSE4.2 has nothing to do with POPCNT. We must dispell this myth, because
Stockfish is a reference and many will copy this mistake if they see it in Stockfish:
* SSE is an SIMD instruction set, relative to vectorization (using special 128-bit registers).
* POPCNT/LZCNT work on normal registers (eg. AL, AX, EAX, RAX).

The confusion comes from the fact that, in the Intel product line, it just
so happens that SSE4.2 and POPCNT/LZCNT came out at the same time. But this
is not true for AMD. For example, all AMD Pheniom II have SSE3 but no
POPCNT/LZCNT, and that is why the modern compile uses  -msse3 -popcnt and not -msse4.2.

No functional change.

Resolves #86
Retire PawnsFileSpan

It is useless. Tested as no regression:

STC
LLR: 4.06 (-2.94,2.94) [-3.00,1.00]
Total: 140718 W: 28527 L: 28568 D: 83623

LTC
LLR: 2.94 (-2.94,2.94) [-3.00,1.00]
Total: 60034 W: 10359 L: 10303 D: 39372

bench: 6564212

Resolves #88
Merge pull request #89 from official-stockfish/pull_no_pretty

Prefer operator<<() to pretty()

No functional change.
Retire ScalePawnSpan[]

Obscure, undocmented and misnamed array. Replace with
the direct formula: it is much more clear what the
code does.

No functional change.

Resolves #90
Restore std::dec after std::hex

Code is leaking a std::hex, and causes subsequent
sync_cout output to be in hexadecimal.

Spotted by Lucas

No functional change.
Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into timemanagement_depthbased_simplified