add avail_subclasses function + unit test

ported from `avail_easyblocks` method in `easybuild/tools/options.py`, required for https://github.ugent.be/hpcugent/easytest/pull/1

let's see what @stdweird has to say about this one, because I'm fairly sure he's the original author ;)
yes, i'd consider `__init__` a proper module (the only one of all starting with `_` though)