workqueue: fix possible idle worker depletion across CPU hotplug

To simplify both normal and CPU hotplug paths, worker management is
prevented while CPU hoplug is in progress.  This is achieved by CPU
hotplug holding the same exclusion mechanism used by workers to ensure
there's only one manager per pool.

If someone else seems to be performing the manager role, workers
proceed to execute work items.  CPU hotplug using the same mechanism
can lead to idle worker depletion because all workers could proceed to
execute work items while CPU hotplug is in progress and CPU hotplug
itself wouldn't actually perform the worker management duty - it
doesn't guarantee that there's an idle worker left when it releases
management.

This idle worker depletion, under extreme circumstances, can break
forward-progress guarantee and thus lead to deadlock.

This patch fixes the bug by using separate mechanisms for manager
exclusion among workers and hotplug exclusion.  For manager exclusion,
POOL_MANAGING_WORKERS which was restored by the previous patch is
used.  pool->manager_mutex is now only used for exclusion between the
elected manager and CPU hotplug.  The elected manager won't proceed
without holding pool->manager_mutex.

This ensures that the worker which won the manager position can't skip
managing while CPU hotplug is in progress.  It will block on
manager_mutex and perform management after CPU hotplug is complete.

Note that hotplug may happen while waiting for manager_mutex.  A
manager isn't either on idle or busy list and thus the hoplug code
can't unbind/rebind it.  Make the manager handle its own un/rebinding.

tj: Updated comment and description.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Blechd0se <alex.christ@hotmail.de>
workqueue: always clear WORKER_REBIND in busy_worker_rebind_fn()

busy_worker_rebind_fn() didn't clear WORKER_REBIND if rebinding failed
(CPU is down again).  This used to be okay because the flag wasn't
used for anything else.

However, after 25511a477 "workqueue: reimplement CPU online rebinding
to handle idle workers", WORKER_REBIND is also used to command idle
workers to rebind.  If not cleared, the worker may confuse the next
CPU_UP cycle by having REBIND spuriously set or oops / get stuck by
prematurely calling idle_worker_rebind().

  WARNING: at /work/os/wq/kernel/workqueue.c:1323 worker_thread+0x4cd/0x5
 00()
  Hardware name: Bochs
  Modules linked in: test_wq(O-)
  Pid: 33, comm: kworker/1:1 Tainted: G           O 3.6.0-rc1-work+ #3
  Call Trace:
   [<ffffffff8109039f>] warn_slowpath_common+0x7f/0xc0
   [<ffffffff810903fa>] warn_slowpath_null+0x1a/0x20
   [<ffffffff810b3f1d>] worker_thread+0x4cd/0x500
   [<ffffffff810bc16e>] kthread+0xbe/0xd0
   [<ffffffff81bd2664>] kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10
  ---[ end trace e977cf20f4661968 ]---
  BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at           (null)
  IP: [<ffffffff810b3db0>] worker_thread+0x360/0x500
  PGD 0
  Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
  Modules linked in: test_wq(O-)
  CPU 0
  Pid: 33, comm: kworker/1:1 Tainted: G        W  O 3.6.0-rc1-work+ #3 Bochs Bochs
  RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff810b3db0>]  [<ffffffff810b3db0>] worker_thread+0x360/0x500
  RSP: 0018:ffff88001e1c9de0  EFLAGS: 00010086
  RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff88001e633e00 RCX: 0000000000004140
  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000009
  RBP: ffff88001e1c9ea0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000001
  R10: 0000000000000002 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff88001fc8d580
  R13: ffff88001fc8d590 R14: ffff88001e633e20 R15: ffff88001e1c6900
  FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88001fc00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
  CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 00000000130e8000 CR4: 00000000000006f0
  DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
  DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
  Process kworker/1:1 (pid: 33, threadinfo ffff88001e1c8000, task ffff88001e1c6900)
  Stack:
   ffff880000000000 ffff88001e1c9e40 0000000000000001 ffff88001e1c8010
   ffff88001e519c78 ffff88001e1c9e58 ffff88001e1c6900 ffff88001e1c6900
   ffff88001e1c6900 ffff88001e1c6900 ffff88001fc8d340 ffff88001fc8d340
  Call Trace:
   [<ffffffff810bc16e>] kthread+0xbe/0xd0
   [<ffffffff81bd2664>] kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10
  Code: b1 00 f6 43 48 02 0f 85 91 01 00 00 48 8b 43 38 48 89 df 48 8b 00 48 89 45 90 e8 ac f0 ff ff 3c 01 0f 85 60 01 00 00 48 8b 53 50 <8b> 02 83 e8 01 85 c0 89 02 0f 84 3b 01 00 00 48 8b 43 38 48 8b
  RIP  [<ffffffff810b3db0>] worker_thread+0x360/0x500
   RSP <ffff88001e1c9de0>
  CR2: 0000000000000000

There was no reason to keep WORKER_REBIND on failure in the first
place - WORKER_UNBOUND is guaranteed to be set in such cases
preventing incorrectly activating concurrency management.  Always
clear WORKER_REBIND.

tj: Updated comment and description.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Blechd0se <alex.christ@hotmail.de>
workqueue: introduce cwq_set_max_active() helper for thaw_workqueues()

Using a helper instead of open code makes thaw_workqueues() clearer.
The helper will also be used by the next patch.

tj: Slight update to comment and description.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Blechd0se <alex.christ@hotmail.de>
workqueue: use cwq_set_max_active() helper for workqueue_set_max_active()

workqueue_set_max_active() may increase ->max_active without
activating delayed works and may make the activation order differ from
the queueing order.  Both aren't strictly bugs but the resulting
behavior could be a bit odd.

To make things more consistent, use cwq_set_max_active() helper which
immediately makes use of the newly increased max_mactive if there are
delayed work items and also keeps the activation order.

tj: Slight update to description.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Blechd0se <alex.christ@hotmail.de>