Implement infrastructure for the souped-up build command

This series of commits (based on https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/763) is an implementation of the recent [Cargo RFC](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/0403-cargo-build-command.md). This should implement all portions of the RFC, but there's a lot so an extra set of eyes would be nice!

I haven't added documentation for it all yet, but I would like to do so before landing (starting with https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/pull/749). Otherwise I've been migrating all of the existing cargo dependencies away from the build command to a build script, and the progress can be seen with these repositories:

* https://github.com/alexcrichton/gcc-rs
* https://github.com/alexcrichton/pkg-config-rs
* https://github.com/alexcrichton/git2-rs/tree/build-cmd
* https://github.com/alexcrichton/openssl-sys
* https://github.com/alexcrichton/flate2-rs/tree/build-cmd
* https://github.com/alexcrichton/libz-sys
* https://github.com/alexcrichton/ssh2-rs/tree/build-cmd

I haven't quite gotten around to curl just yet, but it's next on my list!
Maybe this should be `example.com/parser_generator`, since it doesn't actually exist? *shrug*