[x86] Bring some sanity to the x86 CPU processor definitions.

Notably, this adds simple micro-architecture names for the Intel CPU
variants, and defines the old 'core'-based names as aliases. GCC has
started to simplify their documented interface to use these names as
well, so it seems like we can start to converge on a consistent pattern.

I'd appreciate Intel double checking the entries that aren't yet
documented widely, especially Atom (Bonnell and Silvermont), Knights
Landing, and Skylake. But this change shouldn't break any existing
users.

Also, ran clang-format to re-format this code and it actually worked
(modulo a tiny bug) so hopefully we can start to stop thinking about
formatting this stuff.