lib/libm: Add acosh, asinh, atanh, tan; get working with stmhal.

acoshf, asinhf, atanhf were added from musl.  mathsincos.c was
split up into its original, separate files (from newlibe-nano-2).
tan was added.

All of the important missing float functions are now implemented,
and pyboard now passes tests/float/math_fun.py (finally!).