Add compiler flag to configure output coloring

This adds the flag --color, which allows the user to force coloring or
turn it off. The default behavior stays the same as before (colorize, if
output goes to tty).
Why this is beneficial is explained in issue #12881.

Please note that this commit doesn't include any regression tests. I
thought about how I'd write a test for this and it doesn't seem to be
worth the effort to me for a UI change like this.

Fixes #12881.
auto merge of #14040 : hannobraun/rust/force-color-output, r=alexcrichton

This pull request fixes #12881.

Two caveats:

1. As explained in the commit message, this doesn't include a regression test. If this is unacceptable, please let me know, I'll see what I can do.
1. I'm getting some test failures on make check, all from debuginfo. I suspect this is due to #13680 and  not related to my changes (I have GDB 7.7). This is the list of failed tests:

> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/basic-types-globals.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/basic-types-mut-globals.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/basic-types.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/borrowed-basic.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/borrowed-managed-basic.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/borrowed-struct.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/borrowed-unique-basic.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/box.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/by-value-non-immediate-argument.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/by-value-self-argument-in-trait-impl.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/closure-in-generic-function.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/evec-in-struct.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/function-arg-initialization.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/function-prologue-stepping-no-split-stack.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/generic-function.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/generic-functions-nested.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/generic-method-on-generic-struct.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/generic-static-method-on-struct-and-enum.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/generic-struct.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/lexical-scope-in-stack-closure.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/lexical-scope-in-unique-closure.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/method-on-generic-struct.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/method-on-tuple-struct.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/name-shadowing-and-scope-nesting.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/recursive-struct.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/self-in-generic-default-method.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/shadowed-argument.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/shadowed-variable.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/simd.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/simple-lexical-scope.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/simple-struct.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/simple-tuple.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/static-method-on-struct-and-enum.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/tuple-struct.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/var-captured-in-nested-closure.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/var-captured-in-sendable-closure.rs
> [debuginfo-gdb] debuginfo/var-captured-in-stack-closure.rs

I can provide the full output on request.