Reapply "blockfreq: Rewrite BlockFrequencyInfoImpl"

This reverts commit r206677, reapplying my BlockFrequencyInfo rewrite.

I've done a careful audit, added some asserts, and fixed a couple of
bugs (unfortunately, they were in unlikely code paths).  There's a small
chance that this will appease the failing bots [1][2].  (If so, great!)

If not, I have a follow-up commit ready that will temporarily add
-debug-only=block-freq to the two failing tests, allowing me to compare
the code path between what the failing bots and what my machines (and
the rest of the bots) are doing.  Once I've triggered those builds, I'll
revert both commits so the bots go green again.

[1]: http://bb.pgr.jp/builders/ninja-x64-msvc-RA-centos6/builds/1816
[2]: http://llvm-amd64.freebsd.your.org/b/builders/clang-i386-freebsd/builds/18445

<rdar://problem/14292693>