scale/offset now in Application.cpp

* --scale and --offset are once again available as Translate options
  (see #445), but are now available to Random and PCL kernels as well
* scale and offset are now set at the Application (vice Translate) level
* scale and offset are set (along with debug and verbosity level) via
  setCommonOptions()
* there are a number of things that could be bubbled up from the
  individual kernels, so this is likely the first of a few commits aimed
  at streamlining things