Segmentation photometry and morphological properties

This large PR adds two new functions to perform photometry and calculate morphological properties of sources defined by segmentation images (e.g, from SExtractor or made with `detect_sources`).  When the segmentation image is defined using a thresholded flux level (e.g., `detect_sources`), `segment_photometry` is equivalent to performing isophotal photometry in SExtractor.

I still need to write tests for these new functions, but this is ready for review.  I've done some comparisons to SExtractor, and with the same input segmentation image and background, the photometry and morphology results are identical.

Docs for updated `detect_sources`:
* http://www.stsci.edu/~lbradley/photutils/segmentation/api/photutils.detect_sources.html#photutils.detect_sources

Docs for new `segment_photometry` and `segment_properties` functions:
* http://www.stsci.edu/~lbradley/photutils/segmentation/api/photutils.segment_photometry.html#photutils.segment_photometry

* http://www.stsci.edu/~lbradley/photutils/segmentation/api/photutils.segment_properties.html#photutils.segment_properties

New `SegmentProperties` class:
* http://www.stsci.edu/~lbradley/photutils/segmentation/api/photutils.SegmentProperties.html#photutils.SegmentProperties

This is a nice test image ... maybe put it as a FITS file in the repo under `photutils.datsets` so that it's easier to re-use for unit tests and examples and to run through external tools like SExtractor, etc.?