raft: remove panic when we see a proposal with no leader.

This panic can never be reached when using raft.Node, because we only
read from propc when there is a leader. However, it is possible to see
this error when using raft the raft object directly (as in MultiNode),
and in this case it is better to simply drop the proposal (as if we had
sent it to a leader that immediately vanished).

Add an error return to MemoryStorage.Append for consistency.
raft: add detail to "no leader" log message
Merge pull request #1908 from bdarnell/error-fixes

raft: remove panic when we see a proposal with no leader.