Persistent state

1.  Add `SharedState` module, moving the circuit state from an instance variable to a class variable in the mixed-into class.

1.  Add new states, events and methods to support required behavior.  Allows the enable/disable links in the UI to function.

1.  Add in a Redis-backed failure state class, then move it to one which uses `Rails.cache` as the persistent backing store

1.  Set the initial circuit state to the state described in the (persistent) failure state.

1.  Various changes to fix failing specs.