Add @Spell clusters to Vim syntax file

Add @Spell clusters to Vim syntax highlighting file to do spell checking
only inside comments and strings
Introduced a chapter that describes how to perform callbacks from C to Rust
Further details on channel idea
Support linking of rlib files in rustpkg
Fix indention
Update guide-ffi.md

Simplified the first examples to demonstrate callbacks without other threads involved and shortened the elaboration about async callbacks.
doc: Boxes diagram shows enum value inside box.
doc: add note below diagram about memory layout.
Fixed bug when initialising bitv from bool=true
syntax::ext: replace span_fatal with span_err in many places.

This means that compilation continues for longer, and so we can see more
errors per compile. This is mildly more user-friendly because it stops
users having to run rustc n times to see n macro errors: just run it
once to see all of them.
Fixed typos in comments of librustc backend.
rustc: Feature gate `log_syntax!`. Closes #11602
handle zero-size allocations correctly

The `malloc` family of functions may return a null pointer for a
zero-size allocation, which should not be interpreted as an
out-of-memory error.

If the implementation does not return a null pointer, then handling
this will result in memory savings for zero-size types.

This also switches some code to `malloc_raw` in order to maintain a
centralized point for handling out-of-memory in `rt::global_heap`.

Closes #11634
Actually force a / in the path for ext crates

If the library is in the working directory, its path won't have a "/"
which will cause dlopen to search /usr/lib etc. It turns out that Path
auto-normalizes during joins so Path::new(".").join(path) is actually a
no-op.
Make WindowsPath::new("C:foo").root_path() return Some("C:")
Expose platform independent path separators
Ignore all newline characters in Base64 decoder

Ignore all newline characters in Base64 decoder to make it compatible
with other Base64 decoders.
Forbid unnecessary visibility on view items

For `use` statements, this means disallowing qualifiers when in functions and
disallowing `priv` outside of functions.

For `extern mod` statements, this means disallowing everything everywhere. It
may have been envisioned for `pub extern mod foo` to be a thing, but it
currently doesn't do anything (resolve doesn't pick it up), so better to err on
the side of forwards-compatibility and forbid it entirely for now.

Closes #9957
rustc: Clean up error reporting

This commit re-works how the monitor() function works and how it both receives
and transmits errors. There are a few cases in which the compiler can abort:

1. A normal compiler error. In this case, the compiler raises a FatalError as
   the failure value of the task. If this happens, then the monitor task does
   nothing. It ignores all stderr output of the child task and it also
   suppresses the failure message of the main task itself. This means that on a
   normal compiler error just the error message itself is printed.

2. A normal internal compiler error. These are invoked from sess.span_bug() and
   friends. In these cases, they follow the same path (raising a FatalError),
   but they will also print an ICE message which has a URL to go report a bug.

3. An actual compiler bug. This happens whenever anything calls fail!() instead
   of going through the session itself. In this case, we print out stuff about
   RUST_LOG=2 and we by default capture all stderr and print via warn!() so it's
   only printed out with the RUST_LOG var set.
Disallow implementation of cross-crate priv traits

Turns out we were just forgetting to encode the privacy for trais, and
everything without privacy defaults to public!

Closes #11593