Warn about unnecessary parentheses upon assignment

Closes #12366.

Parentheses around assignment statements such as

    let mut a = (0);
    a = (1);
    a += (2);

are not necessary and therefore an unnecessary_parens warning is raised when
statements like this occur.

The warning mechanism was refactored along the way to allow for code reuse
between the routines for checking expressions and statements.

Code had to be adopted throughout the compiler and standard libraries to comply
with this modification of the lint.