make CheckGradientExhaustive fail for topless layers

Without this commit, it is possible to mistakenly call
CheckGradientExhaustive on a layer with no top blobs (i.e., a loss
layer), causing the gradient check to silently succeed while doing
nothing. With this commit, doing so will cause the test to fail.
Merge pull request #350 from longjon/finicky-exhaustive

Make CheckGradientExhaustive fail for topless layers