Refactored StandingCalculation.calculate functionality into StandingCalculation model through after_initialize callback.  Dramatically improves Raid model readability and allows for future "staging" calculations.
Changed calculation "loss" values to be inherently negative, reducing confusion where values are used throughout code.
Added delinquent_loss StandingCalculation processing.
Renamed attendance_cost to attendance_loss to better match similar name formatting.
Fixed standing calculation test for delinquent_loss.