Trac #15858: Change license from GPLv2 to GPLv2+

Some files in the Sage library are licensed under version 2 of the GPL
but not under "version 2 or a later version". This is a problem since we
distribute Sage under version 3 of the GPL.

See also #15857

URL: http://trac.sagemath.org/15858
Reported by: saraedum
Ticket author(s): Julian Rueth
Reviewer(s): Robert Bradshaw
Trac #13642: Modular exponentiation of polynomials

A faster implementation of modular exponentiation of polynomials.

This implementation is used to improve speed in factorisation of skew
polynomials (see ticket #13215).

URL: http://trac.sagemath.org/13642
Reported by: caruso
Ticket author(s): Xavier Caruso
Reviewer(s): Burcin Erocal, Travis Scrimshaw, Jean-Pierre Flori
Trac #15777: Problems with polynomials over extensions of finite fields

While looking at #13642, I noticed the following:
{{{
sage: k = GF(5)
sage: D.<x> = k[]
sage: l.<x> = k.extension(x^2 + 2)
sage: R.<t> = l[]
sage: f = t^4 + (2*x - 1)*t^3 + (2*x + 1)*t^2 + 3
sage: h = t^4 - x*t^3 + (3*x + 1)*t^2 + 2*t + 2*x - 1
sage: pow(f, 2, h)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
RuntimeError                              Traceback (most recent call
last)
...
RuntimeError: PowerMod: bad args

sage: pow(t, 2, x) # segfault
}}}
This occurs on a clean 6.1.

URL: http://trac.sagemath.org/15777
Reported by: tscrim
Ticket author(s): Jean-Pierre Flori
Reviewer(s): Travis Scrimshaw
Trac #15840: Residues in SymbolicRing

Calculate the residue of a symbolic expression.

URL: http://trac.sagemath.org/15840
Reported by: dkrenn
Ticket author(s): Daniel Krenn
Reviewer(s): Marc Mezzarobba
Trac #15844: Crystal on affine factorizations

Implementation of the crystal on affine factorizations (to appear in a
paper with Jennifer Morse).

URL: http://trac.sagemath.org/15844
Reported by: aschilling
Ticket author(s): Anne Schilling
Reviewer(s): Travis Scrimshaw
Trac #12141: Implement finite algebras

Implementation of finite algebras over fields.  A finite algebra ''A''
is simply given by means of a basis and for each basis element ''e'' a
matrix that describes (right) multiplication of ''A'' by ''e''.

The basic set-up is for algebras that are not necessarily unitary,
commutative, or associative.  Only algebras that satisfy all these
conditions are fully supported.

URL: http://trac.sagemath.org/12141
Reported by: johanbosman
Ticket author(s): Johan Bosman, Peter Bruin, Michiel Kosters, Travis
Scrimshaw
Reviewer(s): Travis Scrimshaw, Peter Bruin
undefine FORTIFY_SOURCE
remove nose from dependencies
Trac #15742: Pkgconfig

Make pkg-config available to Sage

This ticket adds a C implementation of the pkg-config spec together with
a Python interface to Sage. This will be used in the future to make
linking to libraries easier.

Upstream tarballs:
*
http://rabbit.dereferenced.org/~nenolod/distfiles/pkgconf-0.9.4.tar.bz2
* https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pkgconfig/pkgconfig-1.1.0.ta
r.gz

URL: http://trac.sagemath.org/15742
Reported by: vbraun
Ticket author(s): Volker Braun
Reviewer(s): François Bissey
Trac #14993: Upgrade matplotlib to 1.3.1

Matplotlib 1.3.1 was released.  Here is what is new:
http://matplotlib.org/1.3.1/users/whats_new.html#new-in-matplotlib-1-3

Of particular note is that pytz, dateutil, and pyparsing are no longer
included and need to be installed separately:
http://matplotlib.org/1.3.0/users/whats_new.html#new-setup-script

---------

Files to be added to the `upstream` directory:

- http://sage.math.washington.edu/home/palmieri/SPKG/matplotlib-1.3.1.ta
r.gz (not vanilla source, as explained in SPKG.txt: a lot of graphics
files have been removed)
- http://sage.math.washington.edu/home/palmieri/SPKG/dateutil-2.2.tar.gz
- http://sage.math.washington.edu/home/palmieri/SPKG/pyparsing-2.0.1.tar
.gz
- http://sage.math.washington.edu/home/palmieri/SPKG/six-1.4.1.tar.gz
-
http://sage.math.washington.edu/home/palmieri/SPKG/tornado-3.1.1.tar.gz

Regarding the dependency on #15510: that ticket provides a recent
version of `setuptools`. Without that, the matplotlib build will (on-
the-fly) download the deprecated Python package `distribute`. It seems
to work fine either way.

Regarding all of these new files in `upstream`: as noted, matplotlib now
no longer includes various dependencies. I thought it would be helpful
to include them as separate files, in case other packages need them:
then the dependencies in `build/deps` can be made precise and explicit.

Regarding the patch to `setupext.py`: I'm not sure I converted it
properly from the old version to the new one. It works on OS X 10.9, but
there might very well be a better way to do it.

URL: http://trac.sagemath.org/14993
Reported by: jason
Ticket author(s): John Palmieri
Reviewer(s): François Bissey