remote: remove rename code for anonymous remotes

We don't allow renames of anonymous remotes, so there's no need to
handle them.

A remote is always associated with a repository, so there's no need to
check for that.
remote: make sure the name stays valid on rename

We must make sure that the name pointer remains valid, so make sure to
allocate the new one before freeing the old one and swap them so the
user never sees an invalid pointer.
remote: return problem refspecs instead of using a callback

There is no reason why we need to use a callback here. A string array
fits better with the usage, as this is not an event and we don't need
anything from the user.
remote: failing test for renaming with a symref
remote: handle symrefs when renaming

A symref inside the namespace gets renamed, we should make it point to
the target's new name.

This is for the origin/HEAD -> origin/master type of situations.
remote: don't free the remote on delete

This was a bad idea. Don't free except in the free function.
Merge pull request #2407 from libgit2/cmn/remote-rename-more

More remote rename fixes