Sam: implementation of mate_alignment_stop()

* fix off-by-one bug on Sam::alignment_stop (it was reporting the base after the last inclusive base, contradicting the docs)
* refactor cigar operator parsing routine from SamBuilder to Cigar class for mutual use
* add consumes_read_bases and consumes_reference_bases as static methods to the Cigar class
* add tests to the new API and all new functions

This sets the base for issue #6
the new format (we can change later) is that the user can check by try / catch the call to alignment stop. It's one option.... but definitely not better than checking the string_tag twice.... 

the other option would be to offer an overload that takes in a SamTag... I'm not sure what's best here.