[FLINK-1062] Type Extraction for Lambdas

Checking for Java support

Small changes and meaningful exception for unsupported compilers

pom.xml modified to use JDT compiler

Project structure refactored, examples added

Documentation added

Quickstart adapted
Disable Checkstyle in java8 package

Checkstyle doesn't seem to support Java 8 yet.
Make Java 8 Doc fit into new doc scheme

This closes #113
[doc] Fix missing Scala Version in index.md
Cleanup LOG.debug to make sure no extra toString and unnecessary String concatenation

Remove unnecessary type check and cast for FileInputSPlit.

Update LOG.debug to user SLF4J parameterized logging or protected by LOG.isDebugEnabled to save toString and String concat.

Remove unnecessary semicolons.

This closes #127