Add example of estimating pi using Monte Carlo simulation to std::rand
Remove the dist function; it is more efficient to compare squared distances
auto merge of #16362 : nham/rust/std_rand_pi_example, r=steveklabnik

Pros:
I like this example because it's concise without being trivial. The Monty Hall example code is somewhat lengthy and possibly inaccessible to those unfamiliar with probability.

Cons:
The Monty Hall example already exists. Do we need another example? Also, this is probably inaccessible to people who don't know basic geometry.