Sanitize upcasts and conversion to virtual base.

This change adds UBSan check to upcasts. Namely, when we
perform derived-to-base conversion, we:
1) check that the pointer-to-derived has suitable alignment
   and underlying storage, if this pointer is non-null.
2) if vptr-sanitizer is enabled, and we perform conversion to
   virtual base, we check that pointer-to-derived has a matching vptr.