JSHint and fixes

This pull request adds a [jshint](www.jshint.com) `run-script` target to our `package.json` and a custom `jshint.json` configuration that is currently configured based on my interpretation of what is being enforced throughout the repository.

It is not currently running over `tests/*.js`, but I'm open to adding it if we decide that is desired.

Added in are also some low hanging fruit that have appeared since this was last run in #82.