libcore: add borrow module

Following [the collections reform
RFC](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/235),
this commit adds a new `borrow` module to libcore.

The module contains traits for borrowing data (`BorrowFrom` and
`BorrowFromMut`),
generalized cloning (`ToOwned`), and a clone-on-write smartpointer (`Cow`).
libcollections: use BorrowFrom in TreeSet, Map

This commit generalizes methods like `get` and `remove` for `TreeMap`
and `TreeSet` to use the new `std::borrow` infrastructure.

[breaking-change]
libstd: Deprecate _equiv methods

This commit deprecates the `_equiv` family of methods on `HashMap` and
`HashSet` by instead generalizing the "normal" methods like `get` and
`remove` to use the new `std::borrow` infrastructure.

[breaking-change]
Fallout from deprecation

This commit handles the fallout from deprecating `_with` and `_equiv` methods.
libcollections: generalize BTree* to use BorrowFrom

Generalizes the BTree-based collections to use the new BorrowFrom
infrastructure for more flexible lookups and removals.
Further DSTify Index traits
Remove bogus Duration::span test
auto merge of #18910 : aturon/rust/borrow-traits, r=alexcrichton

Following [the collections reform RFC](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/235), this PR:

* Adds a new `borrow` module to libcore. The module contains traits for borrowing data (`BorrowFrom` and `BorrowFromMut`), generalized cloning (`ToOwned`), and a clone-on-write smartpointer (`Cow`).

* Deprecates the `_equiv` family of methods on `HashMap` and `HashSet` by instead generalizing the "normal" methods like `get` and `remove` to use the new `std::borrow` infrastructure.

* Generalizes `TreeMap`, `TreeSet`, `BTreeMap` and `BTreeSet` to use the new `std::borrow` infrastructure for lookups.

[breaking-change]