[Finder] Escape location for regex searches

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Bug fix?      | yes
| New feature?  | no
| BC breaks?    | no
| Deprecations? | no
| Tests pass?   | yes
| Fixed tickets | -
| License       | MIT
| Doc PR        | -

If the location to start searching in contains a regex special char
like + or ? and the path restriction is a regular expresion with a start
limitation. No results will be found wtih at least GnuFindAdapter - e.g.:
```
use Symfony\Component\Finder\Finder;
use Symfony\Component\Finder\Adapter;

mkdir('/tmp/reg+ex/dir/subdir', 0777, true);

$finder = Finder::create()
    ->removeAdapters()
    ->addAdapter(new Adapter\GnuFindAdapter());
$finder->in('/tmp/reg+ex')->path('/^dir/');

print count($finder)."\n";
```

Expected result: 2
Actual result is: 0

This pull request consists of:
* a new test checking for this bug (0e81086a49425d0e12cff4f479fabeb97e9ed757)
* the actual fix (6595b6b2b71afc57ef08686b4584713c0e4e48ed)
* changes to comply with the coding standard (7f199c5b53b3c1f38b36dcc286d3b20ae877425b)

## How to reproduce
### Fastest way
1. Move or copy your local symfony clone into a location containing special regex chars:
  * `mv symfony symfony+regex`
2. Run tests in there
  * `cd symfony+regex && phpunit`

> Result: Some tests in the finder component will fail.

### Alternative: A new clone
1. Clone symfony in a directory containing at least one regex special char
  * `git clone https://github.com/symfony/symfony.git /tmp/symfony+regexchar`
2. As usual get composer, install dependencies and get phpunit
  * You might simply want to follow [this guide](http://symfony.com/doc/current/contributing/code/tests.html)
3. Run tests in there
   * `cd /tmp/symfony+regexchar && phpunit`

> Result: Some tests in the finder component will fail.

### Alternative: Apply the new test
1. Apply commit a29d1207ced2949c918357cf271200523960caef to your symfony clone
2. Run tests

> Result: The new test will fail.