UBI: fix the volumes tree sorting criteria

Commig "604b592 UBI: fix rb_tree node comparison in add_map"
broke fastmap backward compatibility and older fastmap images
cannot be mounted anymore. The reason is that it changes the
volumes RB-tree sorting criteria. This patch fixes the problem.

Artem: re-write the commit message

Signed-off-by: Heiko Schocher <hs@denx.de>
Acked-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Revert "xfs: block allocation work needs to be kswapd aware"

This reverts commit 1f6d64829db78a7e1d63e15c9f48f0a5d2b5a679.

This commit resulted in regressions in performance in low
memory situations where kswapd was doing writeback of delayed
allocation blocks. It resulted in significant parallelism of the
kswapd work and with the special kswapd flags meant that hundreds of
active allocation could dip into kswapd specific memory reserves and
avoid being throttled. This cause a large amount of performance
variation, as well as random OOM-killer invocations that didn't
previously exist.

Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
xfs: refine the allocation stack switch

The allocation stack switch at xfs_bmapi_allocate() has served it's
purpose, but is no longer a sufficient solution to the stack usage
problem we have in the XFS allocation path.

Whilst the kernel stack size is now 16k, that is not a valid reason
for undoing all our "keep stack usage down" modifications. What it
does allow us to do is have the freedom to refine and perfect the
modifications knowing that if we get it wrong it won't blow up in
our faces - we have a safety net now.

This is important because we still have the issue of older kernels
having smaller stacks and that they are still supported and are
demonstrating a wide range of different stack overflows.  Red Hat
has several open bugs for allocation based stack overflows from
directory modifications and direct IO block allocation and these
problems still need to be solved. If we can solve them upstream,
then distro's won't need to bake their own unique solutions.

To that end, I've observed that every allocation based stack
overflow report has had a specific characteristic - it has happened
during or directly after a bmap btree block split. That event
requires a new block to be allocated to the tree, and so we
effectively stack one allocation stack on top of another, and that's
when we get into trouble.

A further observation is that bmap btree block splits are much rarer
than writeback allocation - over a range of different workloads I've
observed the ratio of bmap btree inserts to splits ranges from 100:1
(xfstests run) to 10000:1 (local VM image server with sparse files
that range in the hundreds of thousands to millions of extents).
Either way, bmap btree split events are much, much rarer than
allocation events.

Finally, we have to move the kswapd state to the allocation workqueue
work when allocation is done on behalf of kswapd. This is proving to
cause significant perturbation in performance under memory pressure
and appears to be generating allocation deadlock warnings under some
workloads, so avoiding the use of a workqueue for the majority of
kswapd writeback allocation will minimise the impact of such
behaviour.

Hence it makes sense to move the stack switch to xfs_btree_split()
and only do it for bmap btree splits. Stack switches during
allocation will be much rarer, so there won't be significant
performacne overhead caused by switching stacks. The worse case
stack from all allocation paths will be split, not just writeback.
And the majority of memory allocations will be done in the correct
context (e.g. kswapd) without causing additional latency, and so we
simplify the memory reclaim interactions between processes,
workqueues and kswapd.

The worst stack I've been able to generate with this patch in place
is 5600 bytes deep. It's very revealing because we exit XFS at:

37)     1768      64   kmem_cache_alloc+0x13b/0x170

about 1800 bytes of stack consumed, and the remaining 3800 bytes
(and 36 functions) is memory reclaim, swap and the IO stack. And
this occurs in the inode allocation from an open(O_CREAT) syscall,
not writeback.

The amount of stack being used is much less than I've previously be
able to generate - fs_mark testing has been able to generate stack
usage of around 7k without too much trouble; with this patch it's
only just getting to 5.5k. This is primarily because the metadata
allocation paths (e.g. directory blocks) are no longer causing
double splits on the same stack, and hence now stack tracing is
showing swapping being the worst stack consumer rather than XFS.

Performance of fs_mark inode create workloads is unchanged.
Performance of fs_mark async fsync workloads is consistently good
with context switches reduced by around 150,000/s (30%).
Performance of dbench, streaming IO and postmark is unchanged.
Allocation deadlock warnings have not been seen on the workloads
that generated them since adding this patch.

Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
xfs: null unused quota inodes when quota is on

When quota is on, it is expected that unused quota inodes have a
value of NULLFSINO. The changes to support a separate project quota
in 3.12 broken this rule for non-project quota inode enabled
filesystem, as the code now refuses to write the group quota inode
if neither group or project quotas are enabled. This regression was
introduced by commit d892d58 ("xfs: Start using pquotaino from the
superblock").

In this case, we should be writing NULLFSINO rather than nothing to
ensure that we leave the group quota inode in a valid state while
quotas are enabled.

Failure to do so doesn't cause a current kernel to break - the
separate project quota inodes introduced translation code to always
treat a zero inode as NULLFSINO. This was introduced by commit
0102629 ("xfs: Initialize all quota inodes to be NULLFSINO") with is
also in 3.12 but older kernels do not do this and hence taking a
filesystem back to an older kernel can result in quotas failing
initialisation at mount time. When that happens, we see this in
dmesg:

[ 1649.215390] XFS (sdb): Mounting Filesystem
[ 1649.316894] XFS (sdb): Failed to initialize disk quotas.
[ 1649.316902] XFS (sdb): Ending clean mount

By ensuring that we write NULLFSINO to quota inodes that aren't
active, we avoid this problem. We have to be really careful when
determining if the quota inodes are active or not, because we don't
want to write a NULLFSINO if the quota inodes are active and we
simply aren't updating them.

Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
dm thin metadata: do not allow the data block size to change

The block size for the thin-pool's data device must remained fixed for
the life of the thin-pool.  Disallow any attempt to change the
thin-pool's data block size.

It should be noted that attempting to change the data block size via
thin-pool table reload will be ignored as a side-effect of the thin-pool
handover that the thin-pool target does during thin-pool table reload.

Here is an example outcome of attempting to load a thin-pool table that
reduced the thin-pool's data block size from 1024K to 512K.

Before:
kernel: device-mapper: thin: 253:4: growing the data device from 204800 to 409600 blocks

After:
kernel: device-mapper: thin metadata: changing the data block size (from 2048 to 1024) is not supported
kernel: device-mapper: table: 253:4: thin-pool: Error creating metadata object
kernel: device-mapper: ioctl: error adding target to table

Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Joe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
dm cache metadata: do not allow the data block size to change

The block size for the dm-cache's data device must remained fixed for
the life of the cache.  Disallow any attempt to change the cache's data
block size.

Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Joe Thornber <ejt@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
UBI: fastmap: do not miss bit-flips

The return value from 'ubi_io_read_ec_hdr()' was stored in 'err', not in 'ret'.
This fix makes sure Fastmap-enabled UBI does not miss bit-flip while reading EC
headers, events and scrubs the affected PEBs.

This issue was reported by Coverity Scan.

Artem: improved the commit message.

Signed-off-by: Brian Norris <computersforpeace@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
GFS2: Only wait for demote when last holder is dequeued

Function gfs2_glock_dq_wait is supposed to dequeue a glock and then
wait for the lock to be demoted. The problem is, if this is a shared
lock, its demote will depend on the other holders, which means you
might end up waiting forever because the other process is blocked.
This problem is especially apparent when dealing with nested flocks.

Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
GFS2: Fix race in glock lru glock disposal

We must not leave items on the LRU list with GLF_LOCK set, since
they can be removed if the glock is brought back into use, which
may then potentially result in a hang, waiting for GLF_LOCK to
clear.

It doesn't happen very often, since it requires a glock that has
not been used for a long time to be brought back into use at the
same moment that the shrinker is part way through disposing of
glocks.

The fix is to set GLF_LOCK at a later time, when we already know
that the other locks can be obtained. Also, we now only release
the lru_lock in case a resched is needed, rather than on every
iteration.

Signed-off-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
GFS2: Use GFP_NOFS when allocating glocks

Normally GFP_KERNEL is ok here, but there is now a rarely used code path
relating to deallocation of unlinked inodes (in certain corner cases)
which if hit at times of memory shortage can cause recursion while
trying to free memory.

One solution would be to try and move the gfs2_glock_get() call so
that it is no longer called while another glock is held, but that
doesn't look at all easy, so GFP_NOFS is the best solution for the
time being.

Signed-off-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
GFS2: replace count*size kzalloc by kcalloc

kcalloc manages count*sizeof overflow.

Cc: cluster-devel@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
GFS2: Allow flocks to use normal glock dq rather than dq_wait

This patch allows flock glocks to use a non-blocking dequeue rather
than dq_wait. It also reverts the previous patch I had posted regarding
dq_wait. The reverted patch isn't necessarily a bad idea, but I decided
this might avoid unforeseen side effects, and was therefore safer.

Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
GFS2: Allow caching of glocks for flock

This patch removes the GLF_NOCACHE flag from the glocks associated with
flocks. There should be no good reason not to cache glocks for flocks:
they only force the glock to be demoted before they can be reacquired,
which can slow down performance and even cause glock hangs, especially
in cases where the flocks are held in Shared (SH) mode.

Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
GFS2: memcontrol: Spelling s/invlidate/invalidate/

Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: cluster-devel@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
GFS2: fs/gfs2/rgrp.c: kernel-doc warning fixes

Cc: cluster-devel@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Merge tag 'xfs-for-linus-3.16-rc5' of git://oss.sgi.com/xfs/xfs

Pull xfs fixes from Dave Chinner:
 "Fixes for low memory perforamnce regressions and a quota inode
  handling regression.

  These are regression fixes for issues recently introduced - the change
  in the stack switch location is fairly important, so I've held off
  sending this update until I was sure that it still addresses the stack
  usage problem the original solved.  So while the commits in the xfs
  tree are recent, it has been under tested for several weeks now"

* tag 'xfs-for-linus-3.16-rc5' of git://oss.sgi.com/xfs/xfs:
  xfs: null unused quota inodes when quota is on
  xfs: refine the allocation stack switch
  Revert "xfs: block allocation work needs to be kswapd aware"
Merge tag 'upstream-3.16-rc6' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-ubifs

Pull UBI fixes from Artem Bityutskiy:
 "Two UBI fastmap-related fixes for v3.16:

   - fix UBI fastmap support which we broke in 3.16-rc1 by reversing the
     volumes RB-tree sorting criteria.
   - make sure that we scrub all PEBs where we see bit-flips - we were
     missing some of them when the fastmap feature was enabled"

* tag 'upstream-3.16-rc6' of git://git.infradead.org/linux-ubifs:
  UBI: fastmap: do not miss bit-flips
  UBI: fix the volumes tree sorting criteria
Merge tag 'dm-3.16-fixes-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm

Pull device mapper fixes from Mike Snitzer:
 "Fix the dm-thinp and dm-cache targets to disallow changing the data
  device's block size"

* tag 'dm-3.16-fixes-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm:
  dm cache metadata: do not allow the data block size to change
  dm thin metadata: do not allow the data block size to change
Merge tag 'gfs2-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/steve/gfs2-3.0-fixes

Pull gfs2 fixes from Steven Whitehouse:
 "This patch set contains two minor docs/spelling fixes, some fixes for
  flock, a change to use GFP_NOFS to avoid recursion on a rarely used
  code path and a fix for a race relating to the glock lru"

* tag 'gfs2-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/steve/gfs2-3.0-fixes:
  GFS2: fs/gfs2/rgrp.c: kernel-doc warning fixes
  GFS2: memcontrol: Spelling s/invlidate/invalidate/
  GFS2: Allow caching of glocks for flock
  GFS2: Allow flocks to use normal glock dq rather than dq_wait
  GFS2: replace count*size kzalloc by kcalloc
  GFS2: Use GFP_NOFS when allocating glocks
  GFS2: Fix race in glock lru glock disposal
  GFS2: Only wait for demote when last holder is dequeued