Remove alert link underline

There is a double-underline when links appear in the alert. This
removes the default underline.
Fixes minor haml style guide offense
Refactors clear button

- Removes redundant element lookups.
- Adds checks for if reset was called before initialization and throws
error if they weren’t.
- Adds additional code comments.
- Updates class names to be more descriptive (“clear” instead of
“close”).
Refactors JS utilities; separates IE concerns

- Removes unused util/util methods.
- Moves cookie code to its own CRUD module.
- Fixes #565 - Removes server-side handling of Google Translate cookie
and consolidates cookie handling in google-translate-manager.
- Moves isTranslated method to google-translate-manager.
- Updates “close” button method to “clear” to go with new naming.
- Pads header popup title text so (x) button doesn’t risk overlapping.
- Gives alert close button min height/width so that size doesn’t change
as (x) icon is loading.
- Implements addEventListener on alert so events can be attached to it
being dismissed.
- Creates IE8-specific override stylesheet and pulls :before and :after
selectors out of main stylesheet into this one. Also provides overrides
to elements that have box-shadows but no border by providing a border
instead (alert and popup).
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