Fix an ICE on a cast from an inferred nil to uint

Fixes #10991.
rustc: Start accepting `*const T`

This does not yet change the compiler and libraries from `*T` to `*const T` as
it will require a snapshot to do so.

cc #7362
rustc: Disable rpath settings by default

This commit disables rustc's emission of rpath attributes into dynamic libraries
and executables by default. The functionality is still preserved, but it must
now be manually enabled via a `-C rpath` flag.

This involved a few changes to the local build system:

* --disable-rpath is now the default configure option
* Makefiles now prefer our own LD_LIBRARY_PATH over the user's LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  in order to support building rust with rust already installed.
* The compiletest program was taught to correctly pass through the aux dir as a
  component of LD_LIBRARY_PATH in more situations.

The major impact of this change is that neither rustdoc nor rustc will work
out-of-the-box in all situations because they are dynamically linked. It must be
arranged to ensure that the libraries of a rust installation are part of the
LD_LIBRARY_PATH. The default installation paths for all platforms ensure this,
but if an installation is in a nonstandard location, then configuration may be
necessary.

Additionally, for all developers of rustc, it will no longer be possible to run
$target/stageN/bin/rustc out-of-the-box. The old behavior can be regained
through the `--enable-rpath` option to the configure script.

This change brings linux/mac installations in line with windows installations
where rpath is not possible.

Closes #11747
[breaking-change]
rustc: Add self/super hint for extern crate resolve errors.
rustc: reduce redundant resolve errors.
librustc: Don't overwrite vtables when coercing to trait object.
Mark all crates except std as experimental
fix signatures of mmap-related functions from libc
auto merge of #14984 : thestinger/rust/libc, r=alexcrichton
Bug fixes for flowgraph construction.

1. After recursively processing an ExprWhile, need to pop loop_scopes
   the same way we do for ExprLoop.

2. Proposed fix for flowgraph handling of ExprInlineAsm: we need to
   represent the flow into the subexpressions of an `asm!` block.
NodeIndex should derive `Show`.
Revise dataflow to do a cfg-driven walk.

Fix #6298.

This is instead of the prior approach of emulating cfg traversal
privately by traversing AST in same way).

Of special note, this removes a special case handling of `ExprParen`
that was actually injecting a bug (since it was acting like an
expression like `(*func)()` was consuming `*func` *twice*: once from
`(*func)` and again from `*func`).  nikomatsakis was the first one to
point out that it might suffice to simply have the outer `ExprParen`
do the consumption of the contents (alone).

(This version has been updated to incorporate feedback from Niko's
review of PR 14873.)
middle::cfg code cleanup.

Namely:

 1. Now that cfg mod is used for dataflow, we do not need to turn on
    the `allow(deadcode)` to placate the linter.

 2. remove dead struct defn.
Ensure dataflow of a proc never looks at blocks from closed-over context.

Details: in a program like:
```
type T = proc(int) -> int; /* 4 */

pub fn outer(captured /* pat 16 */: T) -> T {
    (proc(x /* pat 23 */) {
        ((captured /* 29 */).foo((x /* 30 */)) /* 28 */)
    } /* block 27 */ /* 20 */)
} /* block 19 */ /* 12 */
```
the `captured` arg is moved from the outer fn into the inner proc (id=20).

The old dataflow analysis for flowed_move_data_moves, when looking at
the inner proc, would attempt to add a kill bit for `captured` at the
end of its scope; the problem is that it thought the end of the
`captured` arg's scope was the outer fn (id=12), even though at that
point in the analysis, the `captured` arg's scope should now be
restricted to the proc itself (id=20).

This patch fixes handling of upvars so that dataflow of a fn/proc
should never attempts to add a gen or kill bit to any NodeId outside
of the current fn/proc.  It accomplishes this by adding an `LpUpvar`
variant to `borrowck::LoanPath`, so for cases like `captured` above
will carry both their original `var_id`, as before, as well as the
`NodeId` for the closure that is capturing them.

As a drive-by fix to another occurrence of a similar bug that
nikomatsakis pointed out to me earlier, this also fixes
`gather_loans::compute_kill_scope` so that it computes the kill scope
of the `captured` arg to be block 27; that is, the block for the proc
itself (id=20).

(This is an updated version that generalizes the new loan path variant
to cover all upvars, and thus renamed the variant from `LpCopiedUpvar`
to just `LpUpvar`.)
fix typo in borrowck doc.
some extra test cases to cover in the borrow checker.
Regression tests for flowgraph construction bug on ExprWhile.
Adapt test case to match current set of emitted warnings.  (or lack
thereof.)

PR 14739 injected the new message that this removes from one test
case: borrowck-vec-pattern-loan-from-mut.rs

When reviewing the test case, I was not able to convince myself that
the error message was a legitimate thing to start emitting.  Niko did
not see an obvious reason for it either, so I am going to remove it
and wait for someone (maybe Cameron Zwarich) to explain to me why we
should be emitting it.
auto merge of #14873 : pnkfelix/rust/fsk-dataflow-revisions, r=nikomatsakis

Fix #6298.  Fix  #13767.

This also includes some drive by fixes for some other issues, noted in the commits.

I still need to integrate regression tests for some cases that I noticed were missing from our unit test suite (i.e. things that compiling rustc exposes that should have been exposed when doing `make check-stage1`).  So do not land this yet, until I get the chance to add those tests.

I just wanted to get the review process started soon, since this has been long in the coming.
Fix spans for doc comments