windows: read the PATH env var of the child

The unix and windows process implementations diverge in their behavior
when dealing with subprocesses that are spawned with a relative path.
With unix the *child's* PATH environment variable is read, whereas
with windows the *parent's* environment variable is read.

This commit brings the two implementation in line with respect to
their behavior of reading PATH by having both read the *child's* PATH
environment variable. This involves looking into the user-provided
environment on windows and extracting the PATH variable specifically
so it can be inspected later on.
include: avoid using C++ 'template' reserved word

Closes #1394