[WIP] Remove tokens from Database

Alternative implementation of #81 for discussion in #80.

Removes the APIToken and CookieToken fields from the ORM in favor of relying on Tornado's cookie encryption as the source
of truth for authentication.

This is currently rebased off of @minrk's work on https://github.com/jupyter/jupyterhub/pull/81 to steal his refactoring of the cookie_secret and proxy auth token handling.  If we decide to go this route, it should be rebased some more to not include the detour through DIY encryption-land.
This is left over from the rebase from #82.