Expanded the section on C++-specific style guides.

This section is still somewhat incomplete, but now there are sections on
specific features (for now just pointers and operator overloading).
Fixes, more work on the C++ conventions section

Added another (sub)subsection on init lists, didn't fill out yet. Point
fixes in the C++ sections.

Also updated the PDF.
Finally updated wrt. 12/29 meeting notes.

Last update (whitespace at end of lines) to make this document reflect
the decisions made at the 29 December conventions meeting, except for
some C++-specific issues.
More work on C++ style, this time relating to init lists.

Filled out the section on line breaking with initialization lists, but
realized a section on line breaking in general is probably needed since
the Java style guide doesn't cover the topic sufficiently.
Reworked the section on line continuation.

Moved most general line-continuation advice to a subsection of the main
Style and Conventions section. Also reworked advice to make it more
consistent and general. Some toying with code examples.

Also changed code example environment so it does not break across pages.
Code examples are not meant to be very long (longer examples can either
use floats or a breakable version), and the page breaks visually disrupt
the layout of the code that the example was supposed to demonstrate in
the first place.

Updated PDF.