build: Remove jquery from package.json dependencies (unused)

Follows-up 2ce74db801abecff28d5a4b2f056ce56089db89c.

This is not a node.js project. There are no references to
node_modules/jquery in file paths anywhere, and also no usage
of "require('jquery')".

Currently it just delays 'npm install'.
test: Use https:// instead of protocol-relative urls

Protocol-relative urls don't work when using the file from the
file system directly in a browser (they require the file being
served from a http web server).

This is why the Grunt run has been broken since 426ccf0131, as
can be seen on https://travis-ci.org/wikimedia/jquery.uls/builds.
build: Clean up Gruntfile

* Sort jshintrc a-z and section it.

* Remove grunt.js from jshintignore (file no longer exists).

* Simplify jshint config by using globstar. The jshintignore
  file still applies (to skip jquery.uls.data.js).

* Update jshint config to also validate Gruntfile.js

* Update listed dependency on 'grunt' and 'grunt-cli' to the
  versions they currently expand to already. We don't know if
  we're compatible with older versions. '^x.y' means, equal or
  higher (within the same major release). Similar to '~x.y',
  except that tilde tolerates older versions.

* Update grunt-contrib-jshint and grunt-contrib-qunit to their
  latest versions.

* Remove obsolete jshintrc parsing hack, use built-in 'jshintrc'
  option as of v0.8.0.

* Remove unused 'pgk' property in grunt config.

* Remove unused grunt-contrib-jasmine and grunt-contrib-copy
  from devDependencies (unused as of ab9b01444f).