syntax: Tweak parsing bounds on generics paths

The previous syntax was `Foo:Bound<trait-parameters>`, but this is a little
ambiguous because it was being parsed as `Foo: (Bound<trait-parameters)` rather
than `Foo: (Bound) <trait-parameters>`

This commit changes the syntax to `Foo<trait-parameters>: Bound` in order to be
clear where the trait parameters are going.

Closes #9265
auto merge of #13079 : alexcrichton/rust/colons, r=cmr

The previous syntax was `Foo:Bound<trait-parameters>`, but this is a little
ambiguous because it was being parsed as `Foo: (Bound<trait-parameters)` rather
than `Foo: (Bound) <trait-parameters>`

This commit changes the syntax to `Foo<trait-parameters>: Bound` in order to be
clear where the trait parameters are going.

Closes #9265