dm crypt: optionally support discard requests

Add optional parameter field to dmcrypt table and support
"allow_discards" option.

Discard requests bypass crypt queue processing. Bio is simple remapped
to underlying device.

Note that discard will be never enabled by default because of security
consequences.  It is up to the administrator to enable it for encrypted
devices.

(Note that userspace cryptsetup does not understand new optional
parameters yet.  Support for this will come later.  Until then, you
should use 'dmsetup' to enable and disable this.)

Change-Id: I805513f9592e9c2f27f9586bd6445fcc70bb8d59
Signed-off-by: Milan Broz <mbroz@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>