refs #8948. Algorithms components in place.

Usual TDD. Check that bad inputs are correctly identified.
refs #8948. Unverified changes. Need proper tests for this.
Merge branch 'master' into feature/8948_polarisation_corrections
refs #8948. Merge in master.

Merge branch 'master' into feature/8948_polarisation_corrections
refs #9428. Add documentation and tests.

Incomplete functionality. Had to fix polynomial usage over Max's implementation in quick.
Merge branch 'feature/8948_polarisation_corrections' into develop