Harden usingJEMalloc()

Summary:
In a shared library, we're using whichever memory allocator the main program
uses, but we may still believe we're using jemalloc if we load libjemalloc.so
(because rallocm is defined). This means we'll pass to rallocm pointers that
were not allocated by jemalloc, which is bad.

Test Plan: tests added

Reviewed By: ngbronson@fb.com

FB internal diff: D1228483
(Wangle) Fix tests for clang

Summary: `std::async` doesn't play nicely with our clang. Replace it with `std::thread`.

Test Plan: `fbconfig --clang folly/wangle && fbmake runtests`

Reviewed By: marccelani@fb.com

FB internal diff: D1230197
Performance Improvement for AsciiCaseInsensitive

Summary:
This implementation improves the performance of AsciiCaseInsensitive.
AsciiCaseInsensitive uses toupper, and it's slow.
Since toupper only works for ascii characters and this function does exactly the same thing over the range of [0..256), we can gain 3x performance here.

Test Plan: unit test and benchmark

Reviewed By: lucian@fb.com

FB internal diff: D1217596

@override-unit-failures
EventBase cleanup

Summary: Moar c++11 features.  marccelani's comments in D1195393, but in a separate diff.

Test Plan:
contbuild
fbconfig thrift/lib/cpp/test/
fbmake runtests

Reviewed By: rajat@fb.com

FB internal diff: D1219158
(Wangle) Sanity check for the small_vector test

Summary:
Let's double check that `small_vector` is doing the right thing. So
it doesn't just accidentally work.

Test Plan:
`fbconfig folly/wangle && fbmake runtests`
`fbconfig --clang folly/wangle && fbmake runtests`

Reviewed By: marccelani@fb.com

FB internal diff: D1231360
Optionally specify page size in MemoryMapping ctor

Summary:
For proper rounding, and also so memOpInChunks doesn't try to mlock / munlock /
madvise / munmap in chunks smaller than the page size.

Test Plan: memory_mapping_test

Reviewed By: lucian@fb.com

FB internal diff: D1232153
Range::contains(x)

Test Plan: Unit tests

Reviewed By: marcelo.juchem@fb.com

FB internal diff: D1236630
NULL -> nullptr

Summary:
Change NULLs to nullptrs.

Facebook:
I was tired of seeing lint errors for NULL -> nullptr, so I
fixed it.

How: modified flint's tokenizer to output lines of the form

sed -i '__LINE__s|\<NULL\>|nullptr|g' __FILE__

for each NULL token encountered.

Ran the sed lines, restricted to filepaths with extensions
h,hpp,cc,cpp,tcc. Did not apply to FacebookUpdate, due to weird
formatting; hphp, to be done in a separate diff; payment, due to a large
number of generated text which didn't play well with my flow; and
memcache, which has lots of .h's that cannot contain nullptr's because
they are included from .c's.

@bypass-lint

Test Plan:
fbconfig -r common folly && fbmake opt && fbmake runtests_opt
^ of the 4k+ test cases, about two dozen are failing. Slightly more
failed in master than with my diff applied.

arc unit

Reviewed By: andrei.alexandrescu@fb.com

FB internal diff: D1234261
(Folly/FBString) Use a lambda to throw an exception for NULL input

Summary:
This should be standard compliant. `__PRETTY_FUNCTION__` seems
unnecessary, it just prints `basic_fbstring`, might as well use that and
simplify the code.

Test Plan:
`fbconfig --platform-all=gcc-4.8.1-glibc-2.17-fb folly/test`
`fbmake runtests_dbg`
`fbmake runtests_opt`

`fbconfig --platform-all=gcc-4.7.1-glibc-2.14.1 folly/test`
`fbmake runtests_dbg`
`fbmake runtests_opt`

`fbconfig --clang folly/test`
`...`

Reviewed By: andrei.alexandrescu@fb.com

FB internal diff: D1243670
Basics for windows

gitattributes because line ending nonsense, plus add cmake/windows build
system cruft to gitignore