Extract iterator method in AR::SchemaDumper

Gems which wish to tie into ActiveRecord::SchemaDumper need to
duplicate this logic currently. [Foreigner] is one such example, as is a
library I'm currently working on but which hasn't been released yet:

    def tables_with_foreign_keys(stream)
      tables_without_foreign_keys(stream)
      @connection.tables.sort.each do |table|
        next if ['schema_migrations', ignore_tables].flatten.any? do |ignored|
          case ignored
          when String; table == ignored
          when Regexp; table =~ ignored
          else
            raise StandardError, 'ActiveRecord::SchemaDumper.ignore_tables accepts an array of String and / or Regexp values.'
          end
        end
        foreign_keys(table, stream)
      end
    end

[Foreigner]: https://github.com/matthuhiggins/foreigner/blob/master/lib/foreigner/schema_dumper.rb#L36-L43

Extract the skip logic to a method, making it much simpler to follow
this same behavior in gems that are tying into the migration flow and
let them dump only tables that aren't skipped without copying this block
of code. The above code could then be simplified to:

    def tables_with_foreign_keys(stream)
      tables_without_foreign_keys(stream)
      @connection.tables.sort.each do |table|
        foreign_keys(table, stream) unless ignored?(table)
      end
    end

It also, in my opinion, simplifies the logic on ActiveRecord's side, and
clarifies the intent of the skip logic.
Merge pull request #16297 from calebthompson/extract-iterator-method

Extract iterator method in AR::SchemaDumper