libs: stabilize most numerics after RFC changes

This commit adds stability markers for the APIs that have recently been
aligned with [numerics
reform](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/369). For APIs that were
changed as part of that reform, `#[unstable]` is used to reflect the
recency, but the APIs will become `#[stable]` in a follow-up pass.

In addition, a few aspects of the APIs not explicitly covered by the RFC
are marked here -- in particular, constants for floats.

This commit does not mark the `uint` or `int` modules as `#[stable]`,
given the ongoing debate out the names and roles of these types.

Due to some deprecation (see the RFC for details), this is a:

[breaking-change]
Fallout from deprecation
Move closure checking into its own file. Shrink check/mod.rs!
Deduce the argument types based on the expected type, trawling through the fulfillment contect if necessary.
doc: clarifying unsafe code vs undefined behavior
Merge the ExprFnBlock and ExprUnboxedClosure into one ExprClosure with an optional unboxed closure kind.
Use the expected type to decide whether `||` is an unboxed or boxed closure.
auto merge of #18999 : aturon/rust/stab-floats, r=alexcrichton,alexcrichton

This commit adds stability markers for the APIs that have recently been aligned with [numerics reform](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/369). For APIs that were changed as part of that reform, `#[unstable]` is used to reflect the recency, but the APIs will become `#[stable]` in a follow-up pass.

In addition, a few aspects of the APIs not explicitly covered by the RFC are marked here -- in particular, constants for floats.

This commit does not mark the `uint` or `int` modules as `#[stable]`, given the ongoing debate out the names and roles of these types.

Due to some deprecation (see the RFC for details), this is a:

[breaking-change]

r? @alexcrichton 
cc @bjz
auto merge of #19105 : alfie/rust/master, r=thestinger

As discussed in pull #19068, trying to make the wording more clear for unsafe code vs undefined behavior.
libcore: DST-ify AsSlice

This commit changes `AsSlice` to work on unsized types, and changes the
`impl` for `&[T]` to `[T]`. Aside from making the trait more general,
this also helps some ongoing work with method resolution changes.

This is a breaking change: code that uses generics bounded by `AsSlice`
will have to change. In particular, such code previously often took
arguments of type `V` where `V: AsSlice<T>` by value. These should now
be taken by reference:

```rust
fn foo<Sized? V: AsSlice<T>>(v: &V) { .. }
```

A few std lib functions have been changed accordingly.

[breaking-change]
libcore: DSTify ops traits, Equiv

This commit relaxes constraints on generics and traits within the
`core::ops` module and for the `Equiv` trait.
auto merge of #18638 : aturon/rust/as_slice_dst, r=japaric

This PR changes `AsSlice` to work on unsized types, and changes the
`impl` for `&[T]` to `[T]`. Aside from making the trait more general,
this also helps some ongoing work with method resolution changes.

This is a breaking change: code that uses generics bounded by `AsSlice`
will have to change. In particular, such code previously often took
arguments of type `V` where `V: AsSlice<T>` by value. These should now
be taken by reference:

```rust
fn foo<Sized? V: AsSlice<T>>(v: &V) { .. }
```

A few std lib functions have been changed accordingly.

The PR also relaxes constraints on generics and traits within the
`core::ops` module and for the `Equiv` trait.

[breaking-change]

r? @nikomatsakis 
cc @japaric
auto merge of #19113 : nikomatsakis/rust/unboxed-boxed-closure-unification, r=acrichto

Use the expected type to infer the argument/return types of unboxed closures. Also, in `||` expressions, use the expected type to decide if the result should be a boxed or unboxed closure (and if an unboxed closure, what kind).

This supercedes PR #19089, which was already reviewed by @pcwalton.
Add -Z print-sysroot commandline option to rustc.
debuginfo: Add script that allows to conveniently start LLDB in "rust-mode"