nodePackages: Enable source patching, patch shebangs, patch versions 

This enables patching of node packages and adds patch for shebangs and patch for versions. This pull request replaces https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/4850/files
Why are you excluding node_modules? Sqlite for example has the bundled dependency of node-pre-gyp. Yes, it's a dependency and you get it after, but maybe the fact that it's bundled means something.