Clear query cache on rollback

Fixes https://github.com/rails/rails/issues/17449

Make sure the query cache is flushed after transaction rollback (for both real and savepoint transactions).

The changes here feel a little bit hacky, I'm looking for some suggestions how to do this cleaner and without too much monkey patching. I had a few other ideas, but @arthurnn suggested that the approach in this PR is better (more consistent with exec_insert etc.).

### Alternative 1: Just do it in Transaction and assume QueryCache is already loaded
```diff
 diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb
 index 4a4506c..d20c02e 100644
 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb
 +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb
 @@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
          end
        end
 
 -      attr_reader :query_cache, :query_cache_enabled
 +      attr_reader :query_cache_enabled
 +      attr_accessor :query_cache
 
        def initialize(*)
          super
 diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb
 index fd666c8..f247bb8 100644
 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb
 +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb
 @@ -184,10 +184,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
        end
 
        def within_new_transaction(options = {})
 +        old_query_cache = @connection.query_cache.dup
          transaction = begin_transaction options
          yield
        rescue Exception => error
          rollback_transaction if transaction
 +        @connection.query_cache = old_query_cache
          raise
        ensure
          unless error
```

### Alternative 2: Monkey-patch the transaction manager
```diff
 diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb
 index 4a4506c..353ba4c 100644
 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb
 +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb
 @@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
  module ActiveRecord
    module ConnectionAdapters # :nodoc:
 +    module TransactionManagerDirtiesQueryCache
 +      def rollback_transaction(*)
 +        @connection.clear_query_cache if @connection.query_cache_enabled
 +        super
 +      end
 +    end
 +
      module QueryCache
        class << self
          def included(base) #:nodoc:
            dirties_query_cache base, :insert, :update, :delete
 +          base.new.transaction_manager.class.prepend(TransactionManagerDirtiesQueryCache)
          end
 ```

### Alternative 3: Add a new Connection#rollback method that always gets called
```diff
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb
 index 12b16b2..55f3e54 100644
 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb
 +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/database_statements.rb
 @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
        # Rolls back the transaction (and turns on auto-committing). Must be
        # done if the transaction block raises an exception or returns false.
        def rollback_db_transaction() end
 
 +      # Rolls back non-db state of the connection, like query caches. Gets
 +      # called on transaction rollback.
 +      def rollback() end
 +
        def default_sequence_name(table, column)
          nil
        end
 diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb
 index 4a4506c..b056104 100644
 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb
 +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/query_cache.rb
 @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
      module QueryCache
        class << self
          def included(base) #:nodoc:
 -          dirties_query_cache base, :insert, :update, :delete
 +          dirties_query_cache base, :insert, :update, :delete, :rollback
          end
 
          def dirties_query_cache(base, *method_names)
 diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb
 index fd666c8..d3a3ea8 100644
 --- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb
 +++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb
 @@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
        end
 
        def rollback
 +        connection.rollback
          @state.set_state(:rolledback)
        end
```

Thoughts? @arthurnn @dylanahsmith @sirupsen
I also would say the `exec_*` methods here needs a `#:nodoc:`