Listener refactor

### Motivation:
It turns out everyone uses `TransportLayer` as a dump for every method or attribute whose proper place is undetermined. As a result, this class is bloated with all sorts of code: managing sockets, listening for requests and handling various pieces of crypto code.

This is the first of a series of attempts to reduce the bloat of `TransportLayer` and factor the code into several smaller and simpler classes, more amenable to testing and maintenance.

The new `Listener` classes mirror the pattern of `PeerSender` and `CryptoPeerSender` but are designed cleanly and follow good practices such as defining all members in constructors. They are also completely independent from `dht.py` and `transport.py`, whereas `Sender` classes still have this problem and should be refactored in the future.

### Changelog:
* Factor classes `PeerListener` and `CryptoPeerListener` out of `TransportLayer` and `CryptoTransportLayer`, respectively.
* As the `Sender` classes get a `dict` that is then encrypted, compressed and sent, the listener classes do the inverse actions and receive, decompress and decrypt the messages, relaying the sent `dict`s to the receiver.
Move assignment to `self.ip` out of the `try`. If `get_peer_url` is not expected to raise an `Exception`, move assignment to `self.uri` out of the `try`.