#17368 make pip standard and let it depend on python
#17368 forgot to modify install script.
#17368 remove a test related to pip being optional.
Trac #17389: Remove unsafe simplifications from test_relation_maxima().

When testing equality with assumptions, one branch of
test_relation_maxima() in sage.symbolic.relation will try to simplify
a difference (left- minus right-hand side) to zero. But some of the
simplifications it uses, namely canonicalize_radical() and
simplify_log(), are unsafe for complex variables.

This commit removes those operations from the list, and adds two new
(safe) simplifications: simplify_factorial() and
simplify_rectform(). Test cases are added for bugs involving complex
variables, and for expressions that can be reduced to zero using the
new simplifications.
trac #17424: Index of all poset constructions
17424: use the terminology 'catalog' for consistency with our other catalogs of groups, algebras, ...
#17368 : add setuptools as a dependency.
#17368 add pip to COPYING.txt
trac #17408: Faster transitive_reduction (=> faster Poset creation)
Show Cython code in IPython tracebacks
trac #17408 reviewer commit, pep8 and other details
Remove path from filename
trac #17408: Broken doctests
Trac #17368: Make pip a standard package

Though this package is less than 1 year old, there seems to be a large
consensus about this, see the following thread:

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/sage-
devel/e48IruDu7Kg/bKf_RL4SNk8J
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.mathematics.sage.devel/71580

URL: http://trac.sagemath.org/17368
Reported by: aapitzsch
Ticket author(s): Thierry Monteil
Reviewer(s): Andrey Novoseltsev, Jeroen Demeyer
Trac #17382: Show Cython code in IPython tracebacks

(this was split off from #71)

To show tracebacks from Cython code, we need to:
1) add `SAGE_SRC` to `sys.path` since Cython uses relative paths in its
tracebacks
2) add a patch to IPython to not replace the `.pyx` file with the `.so`
file: [https://github.com/ipython/ipython/pull/7112] (accepted by
upstream)

URL: http://trac.sagemath.org/17382
Reported by: jdemeyer
Ticket author(s): Jeroen Demeyer
Reviewer(s): Travis Scrimshaw
Trac #17389: Remove simplify_radical/canonicalize_radical from test_relation_maxima

The function `test_relation_maxima` calls a list of simplifications to
deduce whether or not a relationship is satisfied:

{{{
#Try to apply some simplifications to see if left - right == 0
    simp_list = [difference.simplify_log, difference.simplify_rational,
difference.simplify_exp,difference.simplify_radical,difference.simplify_
trig]
}}}

We've recently deprecated the name `simplify_radical` function (see
#11912) since it doesn't really simplify and can give incorrect answers.
For the same reason, we probably shouldn't rely on it in
`test_relation_maxima`.

I'll have a patch for this as soon as I can come up with some test cases
where it currently does something weird.

URL: http://trac.sagemath.org/17389
Reported by: mjo
Ticket author(s): Michael Orlitzky
Reviewer(s): Ralf Stephan
Trac #17408: Faster transitive_reduction (=> faster Poset creation)

As reported on #17361, the call to `transitive_reduction` represents a
non-negligible part of Poset creation.

This branch re-implements it for acyclic graphs.

{{{
sage: g = posets.BooleanLattice(5).hasse_diagram().transitive_closure();
g = g.cartesian_product(g)
sage: %timeit g.transitive_reduction()
1 loops, best of 3: 1.02 s per loop
sage: %timeit g.transitive_reduction(acyclic=True)
10 loops, best of 3: 28.9 ms per loop
}}}

Now the critical part in the creation of a `Poset` is triggered by
`UniqueRepresentation`. As soon as you create a `Poset` it is being
compared with those that already exists... That is actually pre-
computing the equality relationships between all existing posets even if
you never asked for it, and I personally see it as wasted time
(especially since I cannot disable it).

Nathann

URL: http://trac.sagemath.org/17408
Reported by: ncohen
Ticket author(s): Nathann Cohen
Reviewer(s): Frédéric Chapoton
Trac #17424: Index of poset constructors

This ticket implements an index of all poset constructors.

Nathann

URL: http://trac.sagemath.org/17424
Reported by: ncohen
Ticket author(s): Nathann Cohen
Reviewer(s): Nicolas Thierry