Several easy-to-add properties related to compaction and flushes

Summary: To partly address the request @nkg- raised, add three easy-to-add properties to compactions and flushes.

Test Plan: run unit tests and add a new unit test to cover new properties.

Reviewers: haobo, dhruba

Reviewed By: dhruba

CC: nkg-, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D13677
Add a DB property to indicate number of background errors encountered

Summary: Add a property to calculate number of background errors encountered to help users build their monitoring

Test Plan: Add a unit test. make all check

Reviewers: haobo, igor, dhruba

Reviewed By: igor

CC: ljin, nkg-, yhchiang, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D16959
avoid shared_ptr assignment in Version::Get()

Summary:
This is a 500ns operation while the whole Get() call takes only a few
micro!

Test Plan: ran db_bench, for a DB with 50M keys, QPS jumps from 5.2M/s to 7.2M/s

Reviewers: haobo, igor, dhruba

Reviewed By: haobo

CC: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D17007
Fix compile issue in Mac OS

Summary:
Compile issues are:
* Unused variable env_
* Unused fallocate_with_keep_size_

Test Plan: compiles

Reviewers: dhruba, haobo, sdong

Reviewed By: dhruba

CC: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D17043
add tags to gitignore
Don't compact with zero input files

Summary:
We have an issue with internal service trying to run compaction with zero input files:
2014/02/07-02:26:58.386531 7f79117ec700 Compaction start summary: Base version 1420 Base level 3, seek compaction:0, inputs:[ϛ~^Qy^?],[]
2014/02/07-02:26:58.386539 7f79117ec700 Compacted 0@3 + 0@4 files => 0 bytes

There are two issues:
* inputsummary is printing out junk
* it's constantly retrying (since I guess madeProgress is true), so it prints out a lot of data in the LOG file (40GB in one day).

I read through the Level compaction picker and added some failure condition if input[0] is empty. I think PickCompaction() should not return compaction with zero input files with this change. I'm not confident enough to add an assertion though :)

Test Plan: make check

Reviewers: dhruba, haobo, sdong, kailiu

Reviewed By: haobo

CC: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D16005
Fix two bugs in talbe format

Summary:
Previous code had two bugs:

* didn't initialize the table_magic_number_ explicitly -- as a
  result a random junk number is stored for table_magic_number_, making
  HasInitializedMagicNumber() always return true.
* if condition is inconrrect in set_table_magic_number(), and the return value is not checked.
  I replace if-else by a stronger requirement enforced by assert().

Test Plan:
Previous sst_dump failed to work.
After the fix, things back to normal.

Reviewers: yhchiang

CC: haobo, sdong, igor, dhruba, leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D17055
ComputeCompactionScore in CompactionPicker

Summary:
As it turns out, we need the call to ComputeCompactionScore (previously: Finalize) in CompactionPicker.

The issue caused a deadlock in db_stress: http://ci-builds.fb.com/job/rocksdb_crashtest/290/console

The last two lines before a deadlock were:
2014/03/18-22:43:41.481029 7facafbee700 (Original Log Time 2014/03/18-22:43:41.480989) Compaction nothing to do
2014/03/18-22:43:41.481041 7faccf7fc700 wait for fewer level0 files...

"Compaction nothing to do" and other thread waiting for fewer level0 files. Hm hm.

I moved the pre-sorting to SaveTo, which should fix both the original and the new issue.

Test Plan: make check for now, will run db_stress in jenkins

Reviewers: dhruba, haobo, sdong

Reviewed By: haobo

CC: leveldb

Differential Revision: https://reviews.facebook.net/D17037
Merge branch 'master' into columnfamilies

Conflicts:
	db/db_impl.cc
	db/internal_stats.cc
	db/internal_stats.h
	db/version_set.cc