Let documents {attach} static files. Refs #1019.

Until now, making static files end up in the same output directory as an
article that links to them has been difficult, especially when the article's
output path is generated based on metadata. This changeset introduces the
{attach} link syntax, which works like the {filename} syntax, but also
overrides the linked static file's output path with the directory of the
linking document.

I also clarified and expanded the documentation on linking to internal content.