[SROA] Compute the New{Begin,End}Offset values once for each alloca
slice being rewritten.

We had the same code scattered across most of the visits. Instead,
compute the new offsets and the slice size once when we start to visit
a particular slice, and use the member variables from then on. This
reduces quite a bit of code duplication.

No functionality changed. Refactoring inspired to make it easier to
apply the address space patch to SROA.