auth: add rwlock to AuthClientHandler to prevent races

For cephx, build_authorizer reads a bunch of state (especially the
current session_key) which can be updated by the MonClient. With no
locks held, Pipe::connect() calls SimpleMessenger::get_authorizer()
which ends up calling RadosClient::get_authorizer() and then
AuthClientHandler::bulid_authorizer(). This unsafe usage can lead to
crashes like:

Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.
0x00007fa0d2ddb7cb in ceph::buffer::ptr::release (this=0x7f987a5e3070) at common/buffer.cc:370
370 common/buffer.cc: No such file or directory.
in common/buffer.cc
(gdb) bt
0x00007fa0d2ddb7cb in ceph::buffer::ptr::release (this=0x7f987a5e3070) at common/buffer.cc:370
0x00007fa0d2ddec00 in ~ptr (this=0x7f989c03b830) at ./include/buffer.h:171
ceph::buffer::list::rebuild (this=0x7f989c03b830) at common/buffer.cc:817
0x00007fa0d2ddecb9 in ceph::buffer::list::c_str (this=0x7f989c03b830) at common/buffer.cc:1045
0x00007fa0d2ea4dc2 in Pipe::connect (this=0x7fa0c4307340) at msg/Pipe.cc:907
0x00007fa0d2ea7d73 in Pipe::writer (this=0x7fa0c4307340) at msg/Pipe.cc:1518
0x00007fa0d2eb44dd in Pipe::Writer::entry (this=<value optimized out>) at msg/Pipe.h:59
0x00007fa0e0f5f9d1 in start_thread (arg=0x7f987a5e4700) at pthread_create.c:301
0x00007fa0de560b6d in clone () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S:115

and

Error in `qemu-system-x86_64': invalid fastbin entry (free): 0x00007ff12887ff20
*** ======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x80a46)[0x7ff3dea1fa46]
/usr/lib/librados.so.2(+0x29eb03)[0x7ff3e3d43b03]
/usr/lib/librados.so.2(_ZNK9CryptoKey7encryptEP11CephContextRKN4ceph6buffer4listERS4_RSs+0x71)[0x7ff3e3d42661]
/usr/lib/librados.so.2(_Z21encode_encrypt_enc_blIN4ceph6buffer4listEEvP11CephContextRKT_RK9CryptoKeyRS2_RSs+0xfe)[0x7ff3e3d417de]
/usr/lib/librados.so.2(_Z14encode_encryptIN4ceph6buffer4listEEiP11CephContextRKT_RK9CryptoKeyRS2_RSs+0xa2)[0x7ff3e3d41912]
/usr/lib/librados.so.2(_ZN19CephxSessionHandler12sign_messageEP7Message+0x242)[0x7ff3e3d40de2]
/usr/lib/librados.so.2(_ZN4Pipe6writerEv+0x92b)[0x7ff3e3e61b2b]
/usr/lib/librados.so.2(_ZN4Pipe6Writer5entryEv+0xd)[0x7ff3e3e6c7fd]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0(+0x7f8e)[0x7ff3ded6ff8e]
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(clone+0x6d)[0x7ff3dea99a0d]

Fix this by adding an rwlock to AuthClientHandler. A simpler fix would
be to move RadosClient::get_authorizer() into the MonClient() under
the MonClient lock, but this would not catch all uses of other
Authorizer, e.g. for verify_authorizer() and it would serialize
independent connection attempts.

This mainly matters for cephx, but none and unknown can have the
global_id reset as well.

Partially-fixes: #6480
Backport: dumpling, emperor
Signed-off-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>
auth: remove unused tick() method

Signed-off-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>
RWLock: don't assign the lockdep id more than once

This never does anything since lockdep_register() assigns an id >= 0
in the RWLock constructor. This also prevents methods from being
declared const.

Signed-off-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>
RWLock: make read locking methods const

This allows methods using RWLock for reading to be declared const.
There might be cases where we'd want to take a write lock in a const
method, but right now that's unnecessary, and I'd rather get a compile
error.

Signed-off-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>
auth: separate writes of build_request() into prepare_build_request()

validate_tickets() updates internal state, as does
tickets.get_handler(). Move them into a new method called before
build_request() so build_request() can be declared const.

Signed-off-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>
utime: declare is_zero(), ceph_timespec(), and sleep() as const

Signed-off-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>
auth: CephxProtocol const cleanup

need_key() and build_authorizer() can be const.

Signed-off-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>
auth: AuthClientHandler const cleanup

get_protocol(), build_request(), build_rotating_request(), and
build_authorizer() can all be declared const now.

Signed-off-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>
auth: make AuthClientHandler::validate_ticket() protected

It's just used internally. Make it private in the subclasses since
there's just one level of inheritance.

Signed-off-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>
auth: remove unused get_global_id() method

Signed-off-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>