Allow linters to share resources by shoving them on the Engine

Summary:
Currently, the Phutil XHPAST Linter and vanilla XHPAST Linter reuse the same parse tree, but do this by having explicit knowledge of one another.

Instead, let them synchronize by writing to a glorified array of globals on the Engine. They no longer require knowledge of one another, so this can work under `.arclint`.

(This could probably be a little cleaner by putting more logic in the shared base class, but Facebook has some kind of goofy subclass of this thing and //this// patch won't disrupt it, while a cleaner one might.)

This should unblock D9057.

Test Plan: Ran unit tests and normal lint, got accurate looking results without duplicate invocations showing up in `--trace`.

Reviewers: btrahan, joshuaspence

Reviewed By: joshuaspence

Subscribers: epriestley

Differential Revision: https://secure.phabricator.com/D9059